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Contents Acknowledgments............................ ix Preface.................................. xi Chapter1: Interactive,Personal,IPTV:FromTVoverInternet andWebTVtoInteractiveVideoMedia... 1 IntroductiontoIPTV.................. 1 TheValueChain .................... 3 BusinessModelsandtheValueChain........ 5 InteractivityinReality:TheBritishRedButton.. 13 HowIPTVServicesWork............... 16 WhatisNextforIPTVUsers? ............ 21 Shape-ShiftingTelevision:NewMediaforaNew Millennium.................... 23 ProjectLIVE:InteractiveSportsEvents...... 28 MeonTV:FiveMinutesofFameforEveryone withaMobilePhone.............. 31 Chapter2: IPTVStandardsandSolutions............ 33 StandardizationofIPTV................ 34 TheOpenITPVForumArchitecture........ 37 TheETSIIPTVStandard............... 42 ApplyingStandardstoIPTV:An Implementation .................. 49 Chapter3: TheNext-GenerationConsumerElectronicsand Interactive,Personal,IPTV........... 53 HomeConnectivity:Ethernet,WiFiand Beyond........................ 55 MakingHomeDevicesWorkTogether:UPnPand DLNA........................ 58 WhatisUPnP?.................... 59 ConnectingtheHometotheOutside:theHome Router....................... 66 TheSet-topBoxMeetstheInternetModel..... 72 TheBrowserintheSet-topBox.......... 79 XMLandStyleSheets–FormatandStructurefor Metadata..................... 80 HowdoestheMultimediaHomePlatformWork? 86 vi Contents ChannelSwitching................... 89 SpeedingUpChannelSwitching......... 91 IPTVinJapan...................... 92 IPTVintheMobile................... 96 Chapter4: DesigningInteractiveIPTVApplications...... 99 DynamicCreationofInteractiveTelevision.... 101 IntegratingInteractionintheScript......... 103 UsingProfilestoAdapttheShow.......... 105 DesignofInteractionObjects............ 107 HowtoHandleColors............... 109 GenericInteractionModels............. 110 DesigningMenusandText.............. 113 TestingInteractiveApplications........... 116 QuickandDirtyUserTesting........... 118 MakingMashupsinIMS-Controlled InteractiveIPTV.................. 119 User-ProvidedContent................ 123 Chapter5: MonetizingIPTV:AdvertisingandInteraction... 127 AnIPTVToolboxforAdvertisers........... 134 TheIPTVAdvertisingDesignProject........ 137 SplicingAdvertisingintotheMedia–Or PuttingitintheIPTVSet?............. 139 InsertingAdvertising.................. 140 Chapter6: P2P,TVontheWeb,VoDand(n)PVR........ 143 GettingPaidforVoD:Advertising.......... 148 GettingPaidforVoD:ChargingfortheService.. 151 User-ProvidedContent................ 155 TheNetworkandUser-ProvidedContent .... 156 Peer-to-PeerVersusCentralServer.......... 156 P2PintheEuropeanBroadcastingUnion andEU...................... 159 Chapter7: DigitalRightsManagementandNext-Generation IPTV........................ 163 ExceptionstoCopyright................ 166 AttachingStringstoCopyrightGifts:Creative Commons...................... 168 LegalConstraintsonUser-ProvidedContent.... 171 DigitalRightsManagement.............. 174 DRM:SimplePhilosophy,Complicated Mechanism..................... 175 StandardsforDRM .................. 177 DesigningCopyrightPolicy............ 182 Contents vii Chapter8: Identities,Subscriptions,UserProfiles andPresence................... 185 ManagingandFederatingUserProfiles:XDMSand PGM......................... 187 PresenceinIMS................... 187 PresenceDataFormat,ListsandProfiles...... 193 ThePresenceDocument.............. 193 ListsinXDMS.................... 199 IPTVProfiles..................... 201 AdvertisingandPresence............... 204 MeasuringAdvertisinginIPTV........... 205 Chapter9: BeyondtheEPG–MetadatainInteractiveIPTV.. 211 RecommenderSystems,SocialSoftware,Presence andPersonalizedEPGs.............. 215 FilteringandPersonalizingIPTVContent..... 218 MetadataTypesandModels ............. 219 IPTCNewsCodes,NewsMLandSportsML... 220 DublinCore..................... 222 P/Meta ........................ 224 SMPTEMetadataDictionary,MXF andUMID.................... 224 MetadataandtheEPG:TV-Anytime......... 225 TV-AnytimeDocumentStructure......... 226 IdentifyingtheData:theCRID........... 234 MetadataforProduction:MPEG-7and MPEG-4...................... 237 DrawingConclusionsfromMetadata........ 244 Chapter10: ProtocolsforInteraction............... 253 TheHyperTextTransferProtocol........... 255 HTTPforIPTVSignaling.............. 258 CachinginHTTP.................. 260 VideoonDemand:RTSP............... 265 SIPforIPTVSignaling................. 273 SIPMESSAGE.................... 277 SIPSUBSCRIBEandNOTIFY............ 279 SDPinSIPandRTSP.................. 281 Chapter11: Next-GenerationIPTVEncoding–MPEG-2, MPEG-4andbeyond.............. 285 TransportingtheMPEGStream............ 291 RTP.......................... 292 MPEG-2TransportStreamandtheMPEG-4File Format....................... 294 ForwardErrorCorrection.............. 295 viii Contents Chapter12: Next-GenerationIPTVNetworkingandStreaming withIMS..................... 297 WhatisIMS?...................... 301 RegisteringinIMS................... 307 HowIMSworkswithSIP............... 307 SIPINVITE...................... 308 SIPSUBSCRIBEandNOTIFY............ 308 ForkingandRedirectingSessions......... 308 IdentityinIMS:theSIPURI,PUIDandPSI ... 309 SDP.......................... 310 SettingUpandTearingDowntheIPTVMulticast 312 IMSCommunicationsServices............ 314 HandlingQualityofService............. 317 ServiceDiscovery.................. 320 ControlFunction................... 320 NPVRFunction................... 320 ConnectingApplicationServers:theISCInterface 325 Chapter13: DevelopingandDeployingIPTV........... 329 It’slife,Jim,butnotasweknowit ......... 330 EnhancingVoting.................. 331 AutomatingScriptwriting.............. 333 InsertingAdvertising................. 336 PersonalizingTelevision .............. 341 ElectronicProgramGuides............. 343 UsingtheIPTVTechnology.............. 344 References................................ 349 Index................................... 355