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The background We provided a practical definition for microservices in the first chapter. In this chapter, let's define microservices a bit more. To fully appreciate microservices, let's start by telling the story of their rise. Before the idea of microservices became popular, most applications used to be monolithic. A monolithic application is a single application that tries to get numerous tasks accomplished at once. Then, as new features are needed, the application will get bigger and bulkier. This, in effect, produced unmaintainable applications in the long run. With the emergence of cloud computing, and distributed applications with massive loads, the need for a more flexible application architecture became obvious.