UNIX® Network Programming Volume 1, Third Edition: The Sockets Networking API下载

Copyright Addison-Wesley Professional Computing Series Foreword Preface Introduction Changes from the Second Edition Using This Book Source Code and Errata Availability Acknowledgments Part 1: Introduction and TCP/IP Chapter 1. Introduction Section 1.1. Introduction Section 1.2. A Simple Daytime Client Section 1.3. Protocol Independence Section 1.4. Error Handling: Wrapper Functions Section 1.5. A Simple Daytime Server Section 1.6. Roadmap to Client/Server Examples in the Text Section 1.7. OSI Model Section 1.8. BSD Networking History Section 1.9. Test Networks and Hosts Section 1.10. Unix Standards Section 1.11. 64-Bit Architectures Section 1.12. Summary Exercises Chapter 2. The Transport Layer: TCP, UDP, and SCTP Section 2.1. Introduction Section 2.2. The Big Picture Section 2.3. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Section 2.4. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Section 2.5. Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Section 2.6. TCP Connection Establishment and Termination Section 2.7. TIME_WAIT State Section 2.8. SCTP Association Establishment and Termination Section 2.9. Port Numbers Section 2.10. TCP Port Numbers and Concurrent Servers Section 2.11. Buffer Sizes and Limitations Section 2.12. Standard Internet Services Section 2.13. Protocol Usage by Common Internet Applications Section 2.14. Summary Exercises Part 2: Elementary Sockets Chapter 3. Sockets Introduction Section 3.1. Introduction Section 3.2. Socket Address Structures Section 3.3. Value-Result Arguments Section 3.4. Byte Ordering Functions Section 3.5. Byte Manipulation Functions Section 3.6. inet_aton, inet_addr, and inet_ntoa Functions Section 3.7. inet_pton and inet_ntop Functions Section 3.8. sock_ntop and Related Functions Section 3.9. readn, writen, and readline Functions Section 3.10. Summary Exercises Chapter 4. Elementary TCP Sockets Section 4.1. Introduction Section 4.2. socket Function Section 4.3. connect Function Section 4.4. bind Function Section 4.5. listen Function Section 4.6. accept Function Section 4.7. fork and exec Functions Section 4.8. Concurrent Servers Section 4.9. close Function Section 4.10. getsockname and getpeername Functions Section 4.11. Summary Exercises Chapter 5. TCP Client/Server Example Section 5.1. Introduction Section 5.2. TCP Echo Server: main Function Section 5.3. TCP Echo Server: str_echo Function Section 5.4. TCP Echo Client: main Function Section 5.5. TCP Echo Client: str_cli Function Section 5.6. Normal Startup Section 5.7. Normal Termination Section 5.8. POSIX Signal Handling Section 5.9. Handling SIGCHLD Signals Section 5.10. wait and waitpid Functions Section 5.11. Connection Abort before accept Returns Section 5.12. Termination of Server Process Section 5.13. SIGPIPE Signal Section 5.14. Crashing of Server Host Section 5.15. Crashing and Rebooting of Server Host Section 5.16. Shutdown of Server Host Section 5.17. Summary of TCP Example Section 5.18. Data Format Section 5.19. Summary Exercises Chapter 6. I/O Multiplexing: The select and poll Functions Section 6.1. Introduction Section 6.2. I/O Models Section 6.3. select Function Section 6.4. str_cli Function (Revisited) Section 6.5. Batch Input and Buffering Section 6.6. shutdown Function Section 6.7. str_cli Function (Revisited Again) Section 6.8. TCP Echo Server (Revisited) Section 6.9. pselect Function Section 6.10. poll Function Section 6.11. TCP Echo Server (Revisited Again) Section 6.12. Summary Exercises Chapter 7. Socket Options Section 7.1. Introduction Section 7.2. getsockopt and setsockopt Functions Section 7.3. Checking if an Option Is Supported and Obtaining the Default Section 7.4. Socket States Section 7.5. Generic Socket Options Section 7.6. IPv4 Socket Options Section 7.7. ICMPv6 Socket Option Section 7.8. IPv6 Socket Options Section 7.9. TCP Socket Options Section 7.10. SCTP Socket Options Section 7.11. fcntl Function Section 7.12. Summary Exercises Chapter 8. Elementary UDP Sockets Section 8.1. Introduction Section 8.2. recvfrom and sendto Functions Section 8.3. UDP Echo Server: main Function Section 8.4. UDP Echo Server: dg_echo Function Section 8.5. UDP Echo Client: main Function Section 8.6. UDP Echo Client: dg_cli Function Section 8.7. Lost Datagrams Section 8.8. Verifying Received Response Section 8.9. Server Not Running Section 8.10. Summary of UDP Example Section 8.11. connect Function with UDP Section 8.12. dg_cli Function (Revisited) Section 8.13. Lack of Flow Control with UDP Section 8.14. Determining Outgoing Interface with UDP Section 8.15. TCP and UDP Echo Server Using select Section 8.16. Summary Exercises Chapter 9. Elementary SCTP Sockets Section 9.1. Introduction Section 9.2. Interface Models Section 9.3. sctp_bindx Function Section 9.4. sctp_connectx Function Section 9.5. sctp_getpaddrs Function Section 9.6. sctp_freepaddrs Function Section 9.7. sctp_getladdrs Function Section 9.8. sctp_freeladdrs Function Section 9.9. sctp_sendmsg Function Section 9.10. sctp_recvmsg Function Section 9.11. sctp_opt_info Function Section 9.12. sctp_peeloff Function Section 9.13. shutdown Function Section 9.14. Notifications Section 9.15. Summary Exercises Chapter 10. SCTP Client/Server Example Section 10.1. Introduction Section 10.2. SCTP One-to-Many-Style Streaming Echo Server: main Function Section 10.3. SCTP One-to-Many-Style Streaming Echo Client: main Function Section 10.4. SCTP Streaming Echo Client: str_cli Function Section 10.5. Exploring Head-of-Line Blocking Section 10.6. Controlling the Number of Streams Section 10.7. Controlling Termination Section 10.8. Summary Exercises Chapter 11. Name and Address Conversions Section 11.1. Introduction Section 11.2. Domain Name System (DNS) Section 11.3. gethostbyname Function Section 11.4. gethostbyaddr Function Section 11.5. getservbyname and getservbyport Functions Section 11.6. getaddrinfo Function Section 11.7. gai_strerror Function Section 11.8. freeaddrinfo Function Section 11.9. getaddrinfo Function: IPv6 Section 11.10. getaddrinfo Function: Examples Section 11.11. host_serv Function Section 11.12. tcp_connect Function Section 11.13. tcp_listen Function Section 11.14. udp_client Function Section 11.15. udp_connect Function Section 11.16. udp_server Function Section 11.17. getnameinfo Function Section 11.18. Re-entrant Functions Section 11.19. gethostbyname_r and gethostbyaddr_r Functions Section 11.20. Obsolete IPv6 Address Lookup Functions Section 11.21. Other Networking Information Section 11.22. Summary Exercises Part 3: Advanced Sockets Chapter 12. IPv4 and IPv6 Interoperability Section 12.1. Introduction Section 12.2. IPv4 Client, IPv6 Server Section 12.3. IPv6 Client, IPv4 Server Section 12.4. IPv6 Address-Testing Macros Section 12.5. Source Code Portability Section 12.6. Summary Exercises Chapter 13. Daemon Processes and the inetd Superserver Section 13.1. Introduction Section 13.2. syslogd Daemon Section 13.3. syslog Function Section 13.4. daemon_init Function Section 13.5. inetd Daemon Section 13.6. daemon_inetd Function Section 13.7. Summary Exercises Chapter 14. Advanced I/O Functions Section 14.1. Introduction Section 14.2. Socket Timeouts Section 14.3. recv and send Functions Section 14.4. readv and writev Functions Section 14.5. recvmsg and sendmsg Functions Section 14.6. Ancillary Data Section 14.7. How Much Data Is Queued? Section 14.8. Sockets and Standard I/O Section 14.9. Advanced Polling Section 14.10. Summary Exercises Chapter 15. Unix Domain Protocols Section 15.1. Introduction Section 15.2. Unix Domain Socket Address Structure Section 15.3. socketpair Function Section 15.4. Socket Functions Section 15.5. Unix Domain Stream Client/Server Section 15.6. Unix Domain Datagram Client/Server Section 15.7. Passing Descriptors Section 15.8. Receiving Sender Credentials Section 15.9. Summary Exercises Chapter 16. Nonblocking I/O Section 16.1. Introduction Section 16.2. Nonblocking Reads and Writes: str_cli Function (Revisited) Section 16.3. Nonblocking connect Section 16.4. Nonblocking connect: Daytime Client Section 16.5. Nonblocking connect: Web Client Section 16.6. Nonblocking accept Section 16.7. Summary Exercises Chapter 17. ioctl Operations Section 17.1. Introduction Section 17.2. ioctl Function Section 17.3. Socket Operations Section 17.4. File Operations Section 17.5. Interface Configuration Section 17.6. get_ifi_info Function Section 17.7. Interface Operations Section 17.8. ARP Cache Operations Section 17.9. Routing Table Operations Section 17.10. Summary Exercises Chapter 18. Routing Sockets Section 18.1. Introduction Section 18.2. Datalink Socket Address Structure Section 18.3. Reading and Writing Section 18.4. sysctl Operations Section 18.5. get_ifi_info Function (Revisited) Section 18.6. Interface Name and Index Functions Section 18.7. Summary Exercises Chapter 19. Key Management Sockets Section 19.1. Introduction Section 19.2. Reading and Writing Section 19.3. Dumping the Security Association Database (SADB) Section 19.4. Creating a Static Security Association (SA) Section 19.5. Dynamically Maintaining SAs Section 19.6. Summary Exercises Chapter 20. Broadcasting Section 20.1. Introduction Section 20.2. Broadcast Addresses Section 20.3. Unicast versus Broadcast Section 20.4. dg_cli Function Using Broadcasting Section 20.5. Race Conditions Section 20.6. Summary Exercises Chapter 21. Multicasting Section 21.1. Introduction Section 21.2. Multicast Addresses Section 21.3. Multicasting versus Broadcasting on a LAN Section 21.4. Multicasting on a WAN Section 21.5. Source-Specific Multicast Section 21.6. Multicast Socket Options Section 21.7. mcast_join and Related Functions Section 21.8. dg_cli Function Using Multicasting Section 21.9. Receiving IP Multicast Infrastructure Session Announcements Section 21.10. Sending and Receiving Section 21.11. Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) Section 21.12. Summary Exercises Chapter 22. Advanced UDP Sockets Section 22.1. Introduction Section 22.2. Receiving Flags, Destination IP Address, and Interface Index Section 22.3. Datagram Truncation Section 22.4. When to Use UDP Instead of TCP Section 22.5. Adding Reliability to a UDP Application Section 22.6. Binding Interface Addresses Section 22.7. Concurrent UDP Servers Section 22.8. IPv6 Packet Information Section 22.9. IPv6 Path MTU Control Section 22.10. Summary Exercises Chapter 23. Advanced SCTP Sockets Section 23.1. Introduction Section 23.2. An Autoclosing One-to-Many-Style Server Section 23.3. Partial Delivery Section 23.4. Notifications Section 23.5. Unordered Data Section 23.6. Binding a Subset of Addresses Section 23.7. Determining Peer and Local Address Information Section 23.8. Finding an Association ID Given an IP Address Section 23.9. Heartbeating and Address Failure Section 23.10. Peeling Off an Association Section 23.11. Controlling Timing Section 23.12. When to Use SCTP Instead of TCP Section 23.13. Summary Exercises Chapter 24. Out-of-Band Data Section 24.1. Introduction Section 24.2. TCP Out-of-Band Data Section 24.3. sockatmark Function Section 24.4. TCP Out-of-Band Data Recap Section 24.5. Summary Exercises Chapter 25. Signal-Driven I/O Section 25.1. Introduction Section 25.2. Signal-Driven I/O for Sockets Section 25.3. UDP Echo Server Using SIGIO Section 25.4. Summary Exercises Chapter 26. Threads Section 26.1. Introduction Section 26.2. Basic Thread Functions: Creation and Termination Section 26.3. str_cli Function Using Threads Section 26.4. TCP Echo Server Using Threads Section 26.5. Thread-Specific Data Section 26.6. Web Client and Simultaneous Connections (Continued) Section 26.7. Mutexes: Mutual Exclusion Section 26.8. Condition Variables Section 26.9. Web Client and Simultaneous Connections (Continued) Section 26.10. Summary Exercises Chapter 27. IP Options Section 27.1. Introduction Section 27.2. IPv4 Options Section 27.3. IPv4 Source Route Options Section 27.4. IPv6 Extension Headers Section 27.5. IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Options and Destination Options Section 27.6. IPv6 Routing Header Section 27.7. IPv6 Sticky Options Section 27.8. Historical IPv6 Advanced API Section 27.9. Summary Exercises Chapter 28. Raw Sockets Section 28.1. Introduction Section 28.2. Raw Socket Creation Section 28.3. Raw Socket Output Section 28.4. Raw Socket Input Section 28.5. ping Program Section 28.6. traceroute Program Section 28.7. An ICMP Message Daemon Section 28.8. Summary Exercises Chapter 29. Datalink Access Section 29.1. Introduction Section 29.2. BSD Packet Filter (BPF) Section 29.3. Datalink Provider Interface (DLPI) Section 29.4. Linux: SOCK_PACKET and PF_PACKET Section 29.5. libpcap: Packet Capture Library Section 29.6. libnet: Packet Creation and Injection Library Section 29.7. Examining the UDP Checksum Field Section 29.8. Summary Exercises Chapter 30. Client/Server Design Alternatives Section 30.1. Introduction Section 30.2. TCP Client Alternatives Section 30.3. TCP Test Client Section 30.4. TCP Iterative Server Section 30.5. TCP Concurrent Server, One Child per Client Section 30.6. TCP Preforked Server, No Locking Around accept Section 30.7. TCP Preforked Server, File Locking Around accept Section 30.8. TCP Preforked Server, Thread Locking Around accept Section 30.9. TCP Preforked Server, Descriptor Passing Section 30.10. TCP Concurrent Server, One Thread per Client Section 30.11. TCP Prethreaded Server, per-Thread accept Section 30.12. TCP Prethreaded Server, Main Thread accept Section 30.13. Summary Exercises Chapter 31. Streams Section 31.1. Introduction Section 31.2. Overview Section 31.3. getmsg and putmsg Functions Section 31.4. getpmsg and putpmsg Functions Section 31.5. ioctl Function Section 31.6. Transport Provider Interface (TPI) Section 31.7. Summary Exercises Appendix A. IPv4, IPv6, ICMPv4, and ICMPv6 Section A.1. Introduction Section A.2. IPv4 Header Section A.3. IPv6 Header Section A.4. IPv4 Addresses Section A.5. IPv6 Addresses Section A.6. Internet Control Message Protocols (ICMPv4 and ICMPv6) Appendix B. Virtual Networks Section B.1. Introduction Section B.2. The MBone Section B.3. The 6bone Section B.4. IPv6 Transition: 6to4 Appendix C. Debugging Techniques Section C.1. System Call Tracing Section C.2. Standard Internet Services Section C.3. sock Program Section C.4. Small Test Programs Section C.5. tcpdump Program Section C.6. netstat Program Section C.7. lsof Program Appendix D. Miscellaneous Source Code Section D.1. unp.h Header Section D.2. config.h Header Section D.3. Standard Error Functions Appendix E. Solutions to Selected Exercises