ABAP Development for SAP HANA下载

Contents Foreword ...................................................................................... 15 Preface .......................................................................................... 17 Introduction ................................................................................. 19 PART I Basic Principles 1 Overview of SAP HANA ................................................ 29 1.1 Software Components of SAP HANA .............................. 29 1.1.1 SAP HANA Database ......................................... 31 1.1.2 SAP HANA Studio ............................................. 31 1.1.3 SAP HANA Client .............................................. 33 1.1.4 SAP HANA Function Libraries ........................... 34 1.1.5 Software for Data Replication ............................ 34 1.1.6 Software for Direct Data Access ........................ 35 1.1.7 Lifecycle Management Components .................. 36 1.2 Basic Principles of In-Memory Technology ..................... 37 1.2.1 Hardware Innovations ....................................... 37 1.2.2 Software Innovations ......................................... 41 1.3 Architecture of the In-Memory Database ....................... 51 1.4 Application Cases for SAP HANA ................................... 53 1.5 How SAP HANA Affects Application Development ........ 56 1.5.1 New Technical Options ..................................... 56 1.5.2 Code Pushdown ................................................ 57 1.5.3 Database as Whitebox ....................................... 59 1.5.4 Required Qualifications for Developers ............. 61 2 Introducing the Development Environment ................. 63 2.1 Overview of Eclipse ....................................................... 63 2.2 SAP’s Eclipse Strategy .................................................... 66 2.2.1 Unbundling of Eclipse and SAP Software ........... 67 2.2.2 Central Update Site ........................................... 67 2.3 Installing the Development Environment ....................... 69 2.3.1 Installing SAP HANA Studio .............................. 69 8 Contents 2.3.2 Installing the ABAP Development Tools for SAP NetWeaver ................................................. 70 2.4 Getting Started in the Development System ................... 72 2.4.1 Basic Principles of Eclipse .................................. 72 2.4.2 ABAP Development Tools for SAP NetWeaver ... 75 2.4.3 SAP HANA Studio ............................................. 85 3 Database Programming Using SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP ........................................................................ 103 3.1 SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP Architecture .......................... 105 3.1.1 Database Interface ............................................ 107 3.1.2 Role of the Database for the ABAP Application Server ............................................. 109 3.1.3 Data Types ........................................................ 110 3.2 ABAP Database Access .................................................. 116 3.2.1 ABAP Data Dictionary ....................................... 117 3.2.2 Open SQL ......................................................... 122 3.2.3 Database Views in the ABAP Data Dictionary .... 132 3.2.4 Database Access via Native SQL ........................ 133 3.2.5 Secondary Database Connections ...................... 139 3.3 Analyzing Database Accesses Using the SQL Trace ......... 143 3.3.1 Statement Transformations ................................ 143 3.3.2 Secondary Connections ..................................... 150 3.3.3 Native SQL ........................................................ 151 3.3.4 Buffer ................................................................ 152 PART II Introduction to ABAP Programming with SAP HANA 4 View Modeling in SAP HANA Studio ........................... 157 4.1 Attribute Views ............................................................. 160 4.1.1 Basic Principles ................................................. 161 4.1.2 Creating Attribute Views ................................... 164 4.1.3 Calculated Fields ............................................... 172 4.1.4 Hierarchies ........................................................ 174 4.1.5 Attribute Views for Time Values ........................ 176 9 Contents 4.1.6 Runtime Artifacts and SQL Access for Attribute Views ................................................. 179 4.2 Analytic Views ............................................................... 180 4.2.1 Basic Principles ................................................. 181 4.2.2 Creating Analytic Views ..................................... 183 4.2.3 Calculated Key Figures ...................................... 186 4.2.4 Currency Conversion and Unit Conversion ........ 187 4.2.5 Runtime Artifacts and SQL Access for Analytic Views .................................................. 191 4.3 Calculation Views .......................................................... 192 4.3.1 Basic Principles ................................................. 193 4.3.2 Graphical Modeling of Calculation Views .......... 195 4.3.3 Implementing Calculation Views via SQLScript .......................................................... 197 4.3.4 Runtime Artifacts and SQL Access for Calculation Views .............................................. 202 4.4 Accessing Column Views via Microsoft Excel .................. 203 4.5 Using SAP HANA Views in ABAP ................................... 205 4.5.1 Access via Native SQL ....................................... 205 4.5.2 External Views in the ABAP Data Dictionary ...... 207 4.5.3 Options for Accessing External Views ................ 210 4.5.4 Recommendations ............................................ 211 5 Programming Options in SAP HANA ............................ 215 5.1 Overview of SQLScript ................................................... 215 5.1.1 Qualities of SQLScript ....................................... 216 5.1.2 Processing SQLScript ......................................... 222 5.2 Implementing Database Procedures ............................... 223 5.2.1 Basic Principles of Database Procedures ............ 223 5.2.2 Creating Database Procedures ........................... 225 5.2.3 Using Variables .................................................. 237 5.2.4 Calculation Engine Plan Operator ..................... 239 5.2.5 Imperative Enhancements ................................. 250 5.2.6 Accessing System Fields .................................... 252 5.2.7 Error Handling ................................................... 254 5.3 Using Procedures in ABAP ............................................. 255 5.3.1 Access Using Native SQL ................................... 256 10 Contents 5.3.2 Defining Database Procedure Proxies ................ 263 5.3.3 Calling Database Procedure Proxies ................... 265 5.3.4 Adjusting Database Procedure Proxies ............... 267 6 Application Transport ................................................... 269 6.1 Basic Principles of the Transport System ......................... 271 6.1.1 Transport in SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP .............. 271 6.1.2 Transport in SAP HANA ..................................... 276 6.2 Combined ABAP/SAP HANA Transport .......................... 285 6.2.1 HANA Transport Container ................................ 286 6.2.2 Enhanced Transport System ............................... 292 7 Runtime and Error Analysis with SAP HANA ............... 293 7.1 Overview of the Tools Available ..................................... 294 7.2 Error Analysis ................................................................. 296 7.2.1 Unit Tests .......................................................... 296 7.2.2 Dump Analysis .................................................. 299 7.2.3 Tracing in SQLScript .......................................... 301 7.2.4 Debugging SQLScript ........................................ 302 7.3 ABAP Code Analysis ...................................................... 305 7.3.1 Checks and Check Variants ................................ 305 7.3.2 Checks in the Development Infrastructure ......... 309 7.3.3 Global Check Runs in the System ...................... 311 7.4 Runtime Statistics and Traces ......................................... 313 7.4.1 Runtime Statistics .............................................. 314 7.4.2 ABAP Trace and ABAP Profiler ........................... 318 7.4.3 SQL Trace ......................................................... 326 7.4.4 Single Transaction Analysis ............................... 330 7.4.5 Explain Plan ...................................................... 331 7.4.6 SAP HANA Plan Visualizer ................................ 333 7.5 System-Wide SQL Analyses ............................................ 337 7.5.1 DBA Cockpit .................................................... 338 7.5.2 SQL Monitor .................................................... 342 7.6 SQL Performance Optimization ...................................... 346