华为的内部Linux文档

目 录 第1 章 命令行操作及常用命令使用...........................................................................................5 1.1 命令行操作...................................................................................................................5 1.1.1 Shell 简介...........................................................................................................5 1.1.2 Shell 控制台使用方法..........................................................................................6 1.2 常用命令使用................................................................................................................6 1.2.1 登录和退出Linux 系统.........................................................................................6 1.2.2 文件和目录操作命令............................................................................................8 1.2.3 用户及用户组管理命令......................................................................................10 1.2.4 进程及任务管理命令..........................................................................................13 1.2.5 磁盘及文件系统管理命令...................................................................................16 1.2.6 软件安装命令....................................................................................................17 第2 章 文件查看/编辑方法介绍...............................................................................................19 2.1 cat 命令介绍...............................................................................................................19 2.2 vi 命令介绍.................................................................................................................19 2.2.1 vi 的进入与退出.................................................................................................20 2.2.2 vi 中显示行号....................................................................................................20 2.2.3 光标移动操作....................................................................................................21 2.2.4 文本插入操作....................................................................................................22 2.2.5 文本修改操作....................................................................................................23 2.2.6 文本搜索与替换操作..........................................................................................25 2.3 head 及tail 命令介绍...................................................................................................26 第3 章 网络配置及操作..........................................................................................................27 3.1 网络配置命令..............................................................................................................27 3.1.1 ifconfig .............................................................................................................27 3.1.2 route................................................................................................................28 3.2 网络操作命令..............................................................................................................30 3.2.1 netstat..............................................................................................................30 3.2.2 nslookup ..........................................................................................................31 3.2.3 host .................................................................................................................32 3.2.4 finger ...............................................................................................................32 3.2.5 Ping 命令..........................................................................................................33 3.3 常用网络配置文件介绍................................................................................................33 3.3.1 /etc/sysconfig/network 网络设置.........................................................................34 3.3.2 /etc/hosts IP 地址和主机名的映射.......................................................................34 3.3.3 /etc/services.....................................................................................................35 Linux 操作指导专题 文档密级内部公开 2004-02-04 华为3Com 机密未经许可不得扩散 第4页, 共53页 3.3.4 /etc/host.conf 配置名字解析器............................................................................35 3.3.5 /etc/nsswitch.conf 配置名字解析器.....................................................................36 3.3.6 /etc/resolv.conf 配置DNS 客户..........................................................................37 3.3.7 /etc/xinetd.conf .................................................................................................37 3.3.8 /etc/modules.conf 文件......................................................................................39 3.3.9 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ethN 文件.....................................................39 3.4 常用网络操作方法.......................................................................................................39 3.4.1 ftp 远程文件传输...............................................................................................40 3.4.2 telnet................................................................................................................42 3.4.3 r-系列命令........................................................................................................43 第4 章 常用使用技巧..............................................................................................................45 4.1 Linux 下软件包的安装及卸载........................................................................................45 4.1.1 RPM 安装操作..................................................................................................45 4.1.2 RPM 查询操作..................................................................................................45 4.1.3 RPM 卸载操作..................................................................................................46 4.1.4 RPM 升级操作..................................................................................................46 4.1.5 RPM 验证操作..................................................................................................46 4.1.6 RPM 的其他附加命令........................................................................................47 4.2 Linux 操作系统的时钟系统...........................................................................................47 4.2.1 时钟系统介绍....................................................................................................47 4.2.2 硬件时钟系统与系统时间的同步.........................................................................47 4.3 系统信息及运行状态监控.............................................................................................48 4.3.1 df 命令..............................................................................................................49 4.3.2 du 命令.............................................................................................................49 4.3.3 top 命令............................................................................................................49 4.3.4 iostat 命令........................................................................................................50 4.4 打包/压缩工具tar ........................................................................................................50 4.5 文件及文件内容的查找................................................................................................51 4.5.1 文件查找命令find..............................................................................................51 4.5.2 文件内容查找命令grep......................................................................................51 4.6 Linux 的系统服务及其配置...........................................................................................52 4.6.1 服务简介..........................................................................................................52 4.6.2 启动和停止服务................................................................................................52 4.6.3 服务的添加删除自动运行及状态..................................................................53