abs-guide----Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide下载

Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide <<高级Bash脚本编程指南>> 一本深入学习shell脚本艺术的书籍 非常好的书 强烈推荐 附有超多实例 Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide.......................................................................................................................1 An in-depth exploration of the art of shell scripting................................................................................1 Mendel Cooper.................................................................................................................................1 Dedication...........................................................................................................................................................3 Part 1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................................15 Chapter 1. Shell Programming!......................................................................................................................17 Notes.....................................................................................................................................................18 Chapter 2. Starting Off With a Sha-Bang......................................................................................................21 2.1. Invoking the script....................................................................................................................................25 Notes.....................................................................................................................................................25 2.2. Preliminary Exercises...............................................................................................................................27 Part 2. Basics....................................................................................................................................................29 Chapter 3. Special Characters........................................................................................................................31 Notes.....................................................................................................................................................50 Chapter 4. Introduction to Variables and Parameters..................................................................................51 4.1. Variable Substitution................................................................................................................................53 Notes.....................................................................................................................................................55 4.2. Variable Assignment.................................................................................................................................57 4.3. Bash Variables Are Untyped.....................................................................................................................59 4.4. Special Variable Types.............................................................................................................................61 Notes.....................................................................................................................................................65 Chapter 5. Quoting..........................................................................................................................................67 5.1. Quoting Variables.....................................................................................................................................69 Notes.....................................................................................................................................................70 5.2. Escaping.....................................................................................................................................................73 Chapter 6. Exit and Exit Status.......................................................................................................................79 Notes.....................................................................................................................................................81 Chapter 7. Tests...............................................................................................................................................83 Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide i Table of Contents 7.1. Test Constructs..........................................................................................................................................85 Notes.....................................................................................................................................................92 7.2. File test operators......................................................................................................................................93 Notes.....................................................................................................................................................95 7.3. Other Comparison Operators...................................................................................................................97 Notes...................................................................................................................................................102 7.4. Nested if/then Condition Tests................................................................................................................103 7.5. Testing Your Knowledge of Tests...........................................................................................................105 Chapter 8. Operations and Related Topics..................................................................................................107 8.1. Operators.................................................................................................................................................109 Notes...................................................................................................................................................115 8.2. Numerical Constants..............................................................................................................................117 8.3. The Double-Parentheses Construct........................................................................................................119 8.4. Operator Precedence..............................................................................................................................121 Notes...................................................................................................................................................123 Part 3. Beyond the Basics..............................................................................................................................125 Chapter 9. Another Look at Variables.........................................................................................................127 9.1. Internal Variables...................................................................................................................................129 Notes...................................................................................................................................................147 9.2. Typing variables: declare or typeset......................................................................................................149 9.2.1. Another use for declare..............................................................................................................151 Notes.............................................................................................................................................151 9.3. $RANDOM: generate random integer...................................................................................................153 Notes...................................................................................................................................................163 Chapter 10. Manipulating Variables.............................................................................................................165 10.1. Manipulating Strings............................................................................................................................167 10.1.1. Manipulating strings using awk...............................................................................................174 10.1.2. Further Reference.....................................................................................................................175 Notes.............................................................................................................................................175 Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide ii Table of Contents 10.2. Parameter Substitution........................................................................................................................177 Notes...................................................................................................................................................186 Chapter 11. Loops and Branches..................................................................................................................187 11.1. Loops......................................................................................................................................................189 Notes...................................................................................................................................................202 11.2. Nested Loops..........................................................................................................................................203 11.3. Loop Control.........................................................................................................................................205 Notes...................................................................................................................................................208 11.4. Testing and Branching.........................................................................................................................209 Chapter 12. Command Substitution.............................................................................................................217 Notes...................................................................................................................................................222 Chapter 13. Arithmetic Expansion................................................................................................................223 Chapter 14. Recess Time...............................................................................................................................225 Part 4. Commands.........................................................................................................................................227 Chapter 15. Internal Commands and Builtins.............................................................................................235 15.1. Job Control Commands.......................................................................................................................263 Notes...................................................................................................................................................266 Chapter 16. External Filters, Programs and Commands...........................................................................269 16.1. Basic Commands...................................................................................................................................271 Notes...................................................................................................................................................276 16.2. Complex Commands.............................................................................................................................277 Notes...................................................................................................................................................286 16.3. Time / Date Commands........................................................................................................................287 16.4. Text Processing Commands..................................................................................................................291 Notes...................................................................................................................................................312 16.5. File and Archiving Commands.............................................................................................................313 Notes...................................................................................................................................................330 16.6. Communications Commands................................................................................................................331 Notes...................................................................................................................................................344 Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide iii Table of Contents 16.7. Terminal Control Commands...............................................................................................................345 16.8. Math Commands...................................................................................................................................347 16.9. Miscellaneous Commands.....................................................................................................................359 Notes...................................................................................................................................................371 Chapter 17. System and Administrative Commands..................................................................................373 17.1. Analyzing a System Script.....................................................................................................................401 Notes...................................................................................................................................................402 Part 5. Advanced Topics................................................................................................................................403 Chapter 18. Regular Expressions..................................................................................................................405 18.1. A Brief Introduction to Regular Expressions......................................................................................407 Notes...................................................................................................................................................410 18.2. Globbing.................................................................................................................................................413 Notes...................................................................................................................................................414 Chapter 19. Here Documents........................................................................................................................415 19.1. Here Strings...........................................................................................................................................427 Chapter 20. I/O Redirection..........................................................................................................................431 20.1. Using exec..............................................................................................................................................435 Notes...................................................................................................................................................438 20.2. Redirecting Code Blocks.......................................................................................................................439 20.3. Applications...........................................................................................................................................445 Chapter 21. Subshells....................................................................................................................................447 Notes...................................................................................................................................................451 Chapter 22. Restricted Shells.........................................................................................................................453 Chapter 23. Process Substitution...................................................................................................................455 Notes...................................................................................................................................................458 Chapter 24. Functions...................................................................................................................................459 24.1. Complex Functions and Function Complexities.................................................................................463 Notes...................................................................................................................................................473 Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide iv Table of Contents 24.2. Local Variables......................................................................................................................................475 24.2.1. Local variables and recursion..................................................................................................476 Notes.............................................................................................................................................478 24.3. Recursion Without Local Variables.....................................................................................................479 Chapter 25. Aliases........................................................................................................................................483 Notes...................................................................................................................................................485 Chapter 26. List Constructs..........................................................................................................................487 Chapter 27. Arrays........................................................................................................................................491 Chapter 28. Indirect References....................................................................................................................519 Chapter 29. /dev and /proc............................................................................................................................523 29.1. /dev.........................................................................................................................................................525 Notes...................................................................................................................................................527 29.2. /proc........................................................................................................................................................529 Notes...................................................................................................................................................534 Chapter 30. Of Zeros and Nulls.....................................................................................................................535 Chapter 31. Debugging..................................................................................................................................539 Notes...................................................................................................................................................548 Chapter 32. Options.......................................................................................................................................549 Chapter 33. Gotchas......................................................................................................................................553 Notes...................................................................................................................................................560 Chapter 34. Scripting With Style..................................................................................................................561 34.1. Unofficial Shell Scripting Stylesheet....................................................................................................563 Notes...................................................................................................................................................565 Chapter 35. Miscellany..................................................................................................................................567 35.1. Interactive and non-interactive shells and scripts..............................................................................569 35.2. Shell Wrappers......................................................................................................................................571 Notes...................................................................................................................................................575 35.3. Tests and Comparisons: Alternatives..................................................................................................577 Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide v Table of Contents 35.4. A script calling itself (recursion)..........................................................................................................579 35.5. "Colorizing" Scripts.............................................................................................................................583 Notes...................................................................................................................................................595 35.6. Optimizations........................................................................................................................................597 Notes...................................................................................................................................................597 35.7. Assorted Tips.........................................................................................................................................599 35.7.1. Ideas for more powerful scripts...............................................................................................599 35.7.2. Widgets...................................................................................................................................609 35.8. Security Issues.......................................................................................................................................613 35.8.1. Infected Shell Scripts...............................................................................................................613 35.8.2. Hiding Shell Script Source......................................................................................................613 35.8.3. Writing Secure Shell Scripts....................................................................................................613 Notes.............................................................................................................................................613 35.9. Portability Issues...................................................................................................................................615 35.9.1. A Test Suite............................................................................................................................615 Notes.............................................................................................................................................616 35.10. Shell Scripting Under Windows.........................................................................................................617 Chapter 36. Bash, versions 2, 3, and 4..........................................................................................................619 36.1. Bash, version 2.......................................................................................................................................621 36.2. Bash, version 3.......................................................................................................................................627 36.2.1. Bash, version 3.1......................................................................................................................629 36.2.2. Bash, version 3.2......................................................................................................................629 36.3. Bash, version 4.......................................................................................................................................631 Notes...................................................................................................................................................637 Chapter 37. Endnotes....................................................................................................................................639 37.1. Author's Note........................................................................................................................................641 Notes...................................................................................................................................................641 37.2. About the Author..................................................................................................................................643 Notes...................................................................................................................................................643 37.3. Where to Go For Help...........................................................................................................................645 Notes...................................................................................................................................................645 Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide vi Table of Contents 37.4. Tools Used to Produce This Book.........................................................................................................647 37.4.1. Hardware.................................................................................................................................647 37.4.2. Software and Printware............................................................................................................647 37.5. Credits....................................................................................................................................................649 37.6. Disclaimer..............................................................................................................................................651 Bibliography...................................................................................................................................................653 Notes...................................................................................................................................................659 Appendix A. Contributed Scripts..................................................................................................................661 Appendix B. Reference Cards........................................................................................................................849 Appendix C. A Sed and Awk Micro-Primer................................................................................................855 C.1. Sed...........................................................................................................................................................857 Notes...................................................................................................................................................859 C.2. Awk..........................................................................................................................................................861 Notes...................................................................................................................................................863 Appendix D. Exit Codes With Special Meanings.........................................................................................865 Notes...................................................................................................................................................865 Appendix E. A Detailed Introduction to I/O and I/O Redirection.............................................................867 Appendix F. Command-Line Options...........................................................................................................869 F.1. Standard Command-Line Options........................................................................................................871 F.2. Bash Command-Line Options................................................................................................................873 Appendix G. Important Files.........................................................................................................................875 Notes...................................................................................................................................................875 Appendix H. Important System Directories.................................................................................................877 Notes...................................................................................................................................................878 Appendix I. An Introduction to Programmable Completion.....................................................................879 Notes...................................................................................................................................................881 Appendix J. Localization...............................................................................................................................883 Appendix K. History Commands..................................................................................................................887 Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide vii Table of Contents Appendix L. A Sample .bashrc File...............................................................................................................889 Appendix M. Converting DOS Batch Files to Shell Scripts........................................................................903 Notes...................................................................................................................................................906 Appendix N. Exercises...................................................................................................................................907 N.1. Analyzing Scripts...................................................................................................................................909 N.2. Writing Scripts.......................................................................................................................................911 Notes...................................................................................................................................................919 Appendix O. Revision History.......................................................................................................................921 Appendix P. Download and Mirror Sites.....................................................................................................925 Appendix Q. To Do List.................................................................................................................................927 Appendix R. Copyright.................................................................................................................................929 Notes...................................................................................................................................................930 Appendix S. ASCII Table..............................................................................................................................933